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Updates by Nathaniel Cajuday

With other countries slowly adapting cryptocurrency and blockchain technology, Philippine lawmakers of the 20th Congress are now also stepping up efforts to regulate and harness web3 tech in 2025, with a series of bills filed in both the House of Representatives and Senate of the Philippines seeking to establish clearer rules for bitcoin use, digital asset trading, and government adoption of blockchain technology.

• Updated on September 24, 2025: Attached the content and the official document of HB 4611.
• Updated on September 29, 2025: HBs 4792 and 4853 are added.
• Updated on November 24, 2025: CADENA Act added.
• Updated on December 22, 2025: Added HBs 5402, 6898, and 6909. The status of all the bills is also updated.
• Updated on December 26, 2025: Updated the status of HBs 6898 and 6909.
• Updated on February 19, 2026: Added HBs 7296 and 7881.
• Updated on February 24, 2026: Added content for HB 7881.
• Updated on March 05, 2026: Added HB 8133.

Local Blockchain Bills Filed

House Bills

HB 4075 | Rep. Angelo Marcos Barba (Ilocos Norte 2nd District)

Full Title: An Act Recognizing, Prescribing, and Regulating the Use of Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology in Government Transactions, Records, and Public Services, and for other purposes.

Also Known As: Blockchain Technology for Government Efficiency Act

Date Filed: August 27, 2025 

Bill Status: Pending with the Committee on Informations and Communications Technology since September 1, 2025

Objectives

• To institutionalize and strengthen the use of blockchain and related technologies in government.
• To ensure transparency, efficiency, and accountability in government operations and services.
• To provide a clear framework for adoption and regulation.
  

Key Provisions

• Recognition of blockchain, distributed ledger, and smart contracts as valid tools for government operations.
• Government agencies are mandated to integrate blockchain into relevant processes (e.g., data storage, transactions, and record-keeping).
• Establishment of standards and guidelines for blockchain use in government.
  

Implementing Agencies

• Primary implementation is left to designated government agencies as outlined in the bill (coordination with ICT-related agencies is implied).
  

Funding / Appropriations

• To be sourced from the budget of implementing agencies or as provided in the General Appropriations Act.
  

Penalties / Compliance

• Not detailed yet; compliance is mandated through agency implementation.
  

Significance

• Promotes transparency and trust in government spending and services.
• Strengthens safeguards against corruption and fraud.
• Encourages modernization of public sector systems.

BitPinas Article: Ilocos Norte Congressman Pushes Blockchain Bill to Modernize Government Services

HB 4380 | Rep. Javier Miguel Benitez (Negros Occidental 3rd District)

Full Title: An Act Mandating the Establishment and Implementation of a National Budget Blockchain System to Enhance Transparency, Accountability, and Public Participation in the Philippine Budget Process

Also Known As: Philippine National Budget Blockchain Act

Date Filed: September 8, 2025 

Bill Status: Pending with the Committee on Appropriations since September 10, 2025

Objectives

• To promote the growth and development of blockchain technology in the Philippines.
• To position the country as a leader in blockchain innovation in Asia.
• To create an enabling regulatory and economic environment for blockchain adoption.
  

Key Provisions

• Establishment of a Blockchain Technology Development Council to oversee policy-making and implementation.
• Creation of programs to support research, development, and innovation in blockchain.
• Promotion of blockchain adoption in government, finance, trade, supply chains, healthcare, and other sectors.
• Support for capacity-building and skills development in blockchain.
  

Implementing Agencies

• The proposed Blockchain Technology Development Council will serve as lead agency, with coordination from ICT, finance, and education agencies.
  

Funding / Appropriations

• To be included in the General Appropriations Act and other available government resources.
  

Penalties / Compliance

• The bill is primarily developmental in nature; no penalties are emphasized.
  

Significance

• Establishes a national framework for blockchain promotion and regulation.
• Encourages innovation and investment in the blockchain sector.
• Enhances public service delivery, business efficiency, and digital competitiveness.

BitPinas Article: Negros Occidental Rep Files Bill For Blockchain-Based Budget System

HB 4489 | Rep. Brian Daniel Poe Llamanzares (FPJ Panday Bayanihan Party-List)

Full Title: An Act Mandating the Establishment and Implementation of a National Budget Blockchain System to enhance Transparency, Accountability, and Public Participation in the Philippine Budget Process

Also Known As: Philippine National Budget Blockchain Act

Date Filed: September 9, 2025 

Bill Status: Pending with the Committee on Appropriations since September 15, 2025

Objectives

• To promote transparency, accountability, and good governance in the management and disbursement of public funds.
• To ensure that every allocation, disbursement, procurement, and expenditure is recorded, traceable, and verifiable.
• To increase public participation and oversight in the budget process by giving citizens and oversight institutions real-time access to budget data.

Key Provisions

• The Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT), together with Department of Budget & Management (DBM) and Commission on Audit (COA), shall create a system where all national budget activities are recorded as DPAs on blockchain.
• Records from budget preparation, legislation, execution, audit etc., shall be included.
• Smart contracts may be used to automate fund releases contingent on milestone verifications.
• A public-facing portal is to be provided so that citizens, COA, and oversight bodies can verify in real time the flow of funds down to specific agencies, projects, and beneficiaries.
• Existing government financial systems (budgeting, procurement, reporting) must be interoperable / anchor to the blockchain system.
• System Features:
  • Immutability: Transactions cannot be altered or deleted.
  • Decentralization: Validation distributed across multiple institutions.
  • Traceability: Funds tracked from appropriations to final use.
  • Security/Resilience: Cryptographic safeguards, redundancy, and disaster recovery.
  • Interoperability: Compatibility with current and future government systems.

Implementing Agencies

• The DICT will lead the development and maintenance of the blockchain budget system with support from the DBM for data integration and the COA for audit standards.
• All government agencies and Government-Owned or Controlled Corporation (GOCCs) are mandated to integrate their systems and submit timely reports.
  

Funding / Appropriations

• Initial Funding: ₱500,000,000 for the first phase (setup, development, capacity building) from existing national funds.
• Ongoing Funding: Further amounts as necessary to maintain, integrate, and run the system will be included in future national budgets.

Penalties / Compliance

• While the bill does not set explicit penalties, it requires agencies to integrate systems, submit timely reports, and meet standards, with failure to comply constituting a violation of the law once enacted.
  

Significance

• Would significantly increase transparency and traceability in the national budget process, potentially reducing corruption, misuse, leakages.
• Provides citizens, oversight bodies (like COA), and the general public with real-time access to data on how public funds are allocated, disbursed, and used.
• Modernizes government financial management, aligns with digital governance best practices.

BitPinas Article: Rep. Brian Poe Files Bill to Place National Budget on Blockchain

HB 4611 | Rep. Charisse Anne Hernandez (Calamba City)

Full Title: An Act Mandating the Use of Blockchain Technology in the Formulation, Implementation, and Monitoring of the Government Budget to Promote Open Governance and Citizen Engagement

Also Known As: Government Budget Blockchain Act

Date Filed: September 16, 2025 

Bill Status: Pending with the Committee on Appropriations since September 26, 2025

Objectives

• To promote transparency, accountability, and efficiency in the use of public funds.
• To address fund leakages, inefficiencies, delays, and limited public participation in budget monitoring.
• To provide an immutable, tamper-proof, and accessible ledger of government financial transactions.
• To encourage citizen engagement and oversight in government spending.

Key Provisions

• Establishment of the Government Budget Blockchain System (GBBS) covering all stages of the budget process down to the barangay level with the following features:
  • Immutability
  • Decentralization
  • Traceability
  • Security
  • Resilience
  • Interoperability.
• All budget records encoded as Digital Public Assets (DPAs) on blockchain.
• Use of smart contracts for automated fund release upon fulfillment of milestones.
• Public-facing portal to provide real-time, verifiable access to budget data.
• Mandatory integration of all government financial systems into the blockchain platform.
  

Implementing Agencies

• DICT will serve as the lead implementing agency, responsible for the design, deployment, and maintenance of the system in partnership with private sector and academic institutions. 
• DBM will oversee the integration of the national budget processes into the blockchain platform, while DILG will ensure the participation of local government units. 
• COA will incorporate blockchain into its auditing systems and standards. 
• All other government agencies, GOCCs, and LGUs will also be mandated to comply with the integration requirements.
  

Funding / Appropriations

• Not explicitly stated in the bill; funding expected through government appropriations and agency budgets.

Penalties / Compliance

• The bill does not prescribe specific penalties.
• Compliance is mandated through the integration requirement for all agencies.
  

Significance

• It seeks to institutionalize open governance and citizen participation.
• Provides real-time monitoring of every peso allocated and spent.
• Aims to reduce corruption, inefficiency, and manipulation of data.
• Positions the Philippines as a pioneer in adopting blockchain for governance and fiscal transparency.

BitPinas Article: Calamba Representative Files 4th Blockchain Bill in Lower House

HB 4792 | Rep. Edgar Erice (Caloocan City 2nd District)

Full Title: An Act to Create the National Council on Digital Assets and Tokenized Investments (NCDATI) for the Purpose of Establishing a National Framework for Real-World Asset Tokenization, Responsible Cryptocurrency and Stablecoin Adoption, Development of Local and Foreign Exchanges, Promotion of DeFi, and Retail Crypto Payments, Providing for Citizen Participation, Investor Protections, and Other Purposes.

Also Known As: Philippine Tokenization and Crypto Adoption Act of 2025

Date Filed: September 23, 2025 

Bill Status: Pending with the Committee on Banks and Financial Intermediaries since September 25, 2025 

Objectives

• To promote responsible blockchain adoption for inclusive economic growth.
• To protect consumers, OFWs, and retail investors from scams and unsafe platforms.
• To position the Philippines as a blockchain innovation hub.
• To encourage voluntary crypto use in commerce.
• To provide mechanisms for citizen participation in policymaking.

Key Provisions

• Creation of National Council on Digital Assets and Tokenized Investments (NCDATI) under DOF with representation from government, industry, OFWs, and civil society.
• Establishes regulatory framework for tokenization of assets, stablecoins, exchanges, DeFi, and PPP projects.
• Mandates citizen consultations and consumer protection standards.
• Recognizes fiat- and RWA-backed stablecoins under strict reserve and disclosure rules.
• Provides rules for retail acceptance of crypto payments (with peso-equivalent receipts).
• Sets ceilings and risk disclosures for retail and OFW investors.
• Introduces reporting, transparency, and annual audits.

Implementing Agencies

• The DOF will serve as the lead agency, supervising the operations of the NCDATI. 
• The BSP and the SEC will handle licensing, regulation, and investor protection. 
• The DICT will establish and enforce cybersecurity standards. 
• The DTI will be responsible for MSME education and promoting retail adoption of blockchain and crypto use. 
• The National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) and the PPP Center will oversee tokenization in public-private partnership projects. 
• The Cooperative Development Authority (CDA), the Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA), the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE), and the Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA) will carry out sector-specific mandates.
  

Funding / Appropriations

• Initial funding from the General Appropriations Act (GAA).
• Sustained by annual DOF budget, licensing fees, supervision fees, and foreign exchange accreditation fees.
• Creation of a Citizen Education Fund (10% of regulatory fees earmarked).
• Regulatory and Supervision Fees
  • The bill authorizes the SEC and BSP to collect licensing fees from tokenization platforms, stablecoin issuers, exchanges, and DeFi projects seeking accreditation or sandbox approval. 
  • Accredited entities will also be required to pay annual supervision fees to fund monitoring, auditing, and compliance activities. 
  • Foreign exchanges applying for accreditation in the Philippines must pay processing and compliance review fees to the SEC and BSP.

Penalties / Compliance

• Fraud committed by issuers or exchanges are punishable under the Revised Penal Code and SEC laws.
• Misrepresentation of stablecoin reserves treated as securities violations.
• Platforms must meet disclosure, cybersecurity, and audit requirements.

Significance

• Builds a national framework for crypto adoption and tokenization aligned with global standards.
• Strengthens investor protection and ensures inclusivity for MSMEs and OFWs.
• Encourages innovation while safeguarding stability and trust in the Philippine financial system.
• Positions the Philippines to capture part of Southeast Asia’s projected $1T digital economy by 2030.

BitPinas Article: Philippines House Bill 4792 Proposes National Framework for Crypto, RWA, DeFi, and Crypto Exchanges

HB 4853 | Rep. Iris Marie Demesa Montes (4K Party-List)

Full Title: An Act Mandating the Establishment and Implementation of a National Budget Blockchain System to Enhance Transparency, Accountability, and Public Participation in the Philippine Budget Process

Also Known As: Philippine National Budget Blockchain Act 

Date Filed: September 24, 2025 

Bill Status: Pending with the Committee on Appropriations since September 26, 2025 

Objectives

• To enhance transparency and accountability in government budgeting.
• To ensure that all allocations, disbursements, and expenditures are traceable, immutable, and publicly accessible.
• To promote citizen engagement and restore public trust in government financial processes.
• To provide tools for monitoring sectoral equity and Gender and Development (GAD) compliance.

Key Provisions

• Establishment of a blockchain-based national budget system where all budget records are stored as Digital Public Assets (DPAs).
• Mandatory use of smart contracts to automate fund releases upon verified milestones.
• Public-facing portal providing real-time access to budget flows down to agencies, projects, and beneficiaries.
• System features:
  • Immutability
  • Decentralization
  • Traceability
  • Interoperability
  • Cybersecurity safeguards
• Integration of a GAD Tracker to monitor utilization and outcomes of GAD appropriations.

Implementing Agencies

• The DICT will serve as the lead implementing agency, responsible for the design, deployment, and maintenance of the blockchain-based budget system. 
• The DBM will ensure the integration of the budget process into the system and provide timely and accurate data. 
• The COA will align its audit processes with blockchain standards to strengthen accountability.
• All government agencies, GOCCs, and commissions will be required to integrate their financial systems into the blockchain platform.

Funding / Appropriations

• Initial appropriation of ₱500 million from the National Treasury for research, development, infrastructure, and capacity building.
• Continued funding to be included in the annual General Appropriations Act.

Penalties / Compliance

• While no explicit penalties are detailed, compliance is mandated through required integration of financial systems into the blockchain-based budget platform, subject to procurement laws and audit standards.

Significance

• Introduces blockchain as a modern tool for budget transparency, reducing corruption and misuse of public funds.
• Empowers citizens with real-time access to government spending information.
• Strengthens collaboration among government branches, civil society, and oversight institutions.
• Promotes gender equity and accountability by tracking GAD budget performance.

BitPinas Article: 4K Party-List Representative Files Blockchain Bill, the 8th in 20th PH Congress

HB 4935 | Rep. Agatha Paula Aguilar Cruz (Bulacan 5th District)

Full Title: An Act Mandating the Establishment and Implementation of a National Budget Blockchain System to Enhance Transparency, Accountability, and Public Participation in the Philippine Budget Process

Also Known As: Philippine National Budget Blockchain Act

Date Filed: September 29, 2025 

Bill Status: Pending with the Committee on Appropriations since October 1, 2025 

Objectives

• To promote transparency, accountability, and good governance in the management and disbursement of public funds.
• To ensure that all budget allocations, disbursements, and expenditures are immutably recorded and accessible in real time.
• To empower citizens and oversight bodies to track public spending through a blockchain-based system.
• To build public trust in government by making every peso traceable from appropriation to utilization.

Key Provisions

• Establishment of a National Budget Blockchain System (NBBS) recording all budget transactions as Digital Public Assets (DPAs).
• Use of smart contracts to automate fund releases upon fulfillment of verified milestones.
• Public-facing portal for real-time access to budget flows, with accessibility and multilingual support.
• Key features:
  • Immutability
  • Decentralization
  • Traceability
  • Security and resilience
  • Interoperability
• Pilot implementation within one year in mjor agencies (DPWH, DOH, DSWD, DepEd, DBM, COA), with expansion to all national agencies within three years and LGUs within five years.
• Strict compliance with the Dat
• a Privacy Act and integration of cybersecurity safeguards.

Implementing Agencies

• The DICT Lead implementing agency, overseeing system design, deployment, and maintenance.
• DBM will ensure integration of th
• e national budget process and timely data provision.
• COA will be encouraged to align audit processes with blockchain-based record keeping.
• All national agencies, GOCCs, commissions, and eventually LGUs, are required to integrate financial systems into the blockchain platform.
• The DICT, DBM, and COA will be responsible for accrediting validator nodes and setting liability standards.

Funding / Appropriations

• An initial of ₱500 million from the National Treasury for research, development, infrastructure, and capacity building.
• Continued funding to be included in the annual General Appropriations Act.

Penalties / Compliance

• Validators who compromise the system may face penalties or administrative liability.
• Agencies are required to integrate financial systems and comply with interoperability, privacy, and cybersecurity standards.
  

Significance

• Positions blockchain as a landmark governance reform tool to make the national budget tamper-proof and fully auditable.
• Strengthens democratic accountability by enabling citizens to “follow the money” in real time.
• Builds on existing DBM blockchain initiatives and scales them nationwide.
• Aims to reduce corruption, inefficiencies, and misuse of public funds by ensuring transparency at every stage of the budget cycle.

BitPinas Article: Bulacan Rep. Agatha Cruz Files 10th Blockchain Bill for National Budget Transparency 

HB5041 | Rep. Ziaur-Rahman Alonto Adiong (Lanao del Sur 1st District)

Full Title: An Act Mandating the Establishment and Implementation of a National Budget Blockchain System to Enhance Transparency, Accountability, and Public Participation in the Philippine Budget Process, and for Other Purposes

Also Known As: Blockchain the Budget Act of 2025

Date Filed: October 1, 2025 

Bill Status: Pending with the Committee on Appropriations since October 6, 2025 

Objectives

• To institutionalize a blockchain-based national budget system to ensure transparency and accountability in government spending.
• To enable real-time public access to budget allocations and disbursements.
• To strengthen citizen oversight and reduce corruption by creating an immutable record of financial transactions.
• To promote digital governance and public trust in the national budgeting process.

Key Provisions

• Creation of a National Budget Blockchain System (NBBS) to record all stages of the budget process as verifiable digital entries.
• All budget releases and disbursements will be encoded as Digital Public Assets to ensure traceability and integrity.
• Use of smart contracts to automate fund releases once predefined project milestones are met.
• Public portal to provide real-time, searchable access to national and local government spending.
• Compliance with data privacy and cybersecurity standards to safeguard sensitive government and citizen information.
• Phased implementation beginning with key agencies before nationwide rollout.

Implementing Agencies

• The DICT will lead the implementing agency for system design, development, and maintenance.
• DBM will integrate existing budget systems and ensure data accuracy and consistency.
• The COA will adapt auditing processes to blockchain technology.
• All national agencies and LGUs will be required to integrate their financial management systems into the NBBS.

Funding / Appropriations

• Initial funding to be sourced from the General Appropriations Act (GAA) for system development and pilot implementation.
• Subsequent funding to be included in annual budget allocations.

Penalties / Compliance

• Mandatory participation for all government offices and agencies; non-compliance may result in administrative sanctions.
• Validators or system administrators proven to compromise system integrity may face civil or criminal liability under relevant laws.

Significance

• Introduces blockchain as a core tool for good governance and fiscal transparency.
• Empowers citizens and oversight institutions to monitor how public funds are used.
• Reduces opportunities for corruption and inefficiency in the national budget cycle.
• Strengthens institutional accountability and digital transformation in public financial management.

BitPinas Article: Lanao Del Sur Representative Files 11th Blockchain-Related Bill in 20th Congress

HB 5402 | Rep. Leody Tarriela (Occidental Mindoro)

Full Title: An Act Institutionalizing the National Distributed Budget and Governance Blockchain System, Establishing the Blockchain Budget Governance Board, and For Other Purposes

Also Known As: National Distributed Budget and Governance Blockchain Act of 2025

Date Filed: October 9, 2025

Bill Status: Pending with the Committee on Appropriations since October 13, 2025

Objectives

• Promote transparency and accountability in public financial management.
• Institutionalize blockchain technology for the entire national budget life cycle.
• Ensure traceability of appropriations, allotments, procurements, disbursements, and audits.
• Empower citizens with real-time, verifiable oversight of government spending.

Key Provisions

• Creation of the National Budget Distributed Ledger (NBDL) to record all public fund transactions.
• Establishment of the Blockchain Budget Governance Board (BBGB) composed of DICT, DBM, COA, DOF, academe, and private sector representatives.
• Digital Public Assets (DPAs) issued for appropriations, allotments, and disbursements, cryptographically linked to their source.
• Smart-Contract Modules (SCMs) to automate conditional fund releases based on verified milestones.
• Regulatory sandbox and phased rollout: pilot in major agencies, expansion to all, eventual LGU integration.
• Public Budget Ledger Explorer for citizens to verify transactions in real time.
• System features:
  • Transparency: public read-only interface for non-sensitive budget data.
  • Immutability: cryptographic audit trail for all transactions.
  • Traceability: every peso linked from appropriation to disbursement.
  • Smart automation: conditional releases via SCMs.
  • Cybersecurity: strong cryptographic standards, key custody, and independent audits.
  • Public oversight: citizen access and third-party cryptographic audits.

Implementing Agencies

• DICT: technical lead, system development, and maintenance.
• DBM: issuance of DPAs, integration with eBudget systems.
• COA: validator nodes, real-time auditing, public dashboard.
• DOF/BTr: treasury integration and LGU onboarding.
• BBGB: governance, standards, accreditation, and oversight.

Funding / Appropriations

• Initial funding from DBM’s Digital Transformation Fund.
• Succeeding funding included in the annual General Appropriations Act.
• Grants and donations allowed with full disclosure and COA oversight.

Penalties / Compliance

• Cybercrime penalties under RA 10175 for hacking or tampering.
• Falsification penalties under the Revised Penal Code and RA 3019.
• Unauthorized key use punishable by imprisonment, disqualification, and forfeiture of benefits.
• Negligent oversight leading to fund loss results in administrative liability.
• Private contractors complicit in tampering face blacklisting and prosecution.

Significance

• Strengthens transparency and accountability in public fund management.
• Creates an immutable audit trail across the entire budget cycle.
• Introduces smart contracts for conditional fund releases.
• Empowers citizens with real-time oversight of government spending.
• Aligns with digital transformation initiatives and global GovTech standards.
• Restores public trust by turning accountability into verifiable code.

BitPinas Article: Occidental Mindoro Representative Files 12th Blockchain Bill in 20th Congress — HB 5402 on Budget Transparency

HB 5943 | Rep. Jan Padiernos (GP Party-List)

Full Title: An Act Establishing a National Budget Transparency and Accountability System Using Blockchain Technology, and For Other Purposes

Also Known As: National Budget Blockchain Transparency Act

Date Filed: November 12, 2025 

Bill Status: Pending with the Committee on Appropriations since November 18, 2025

Objectives

• To promote transparency and accountability in the management and disbursement of public funds.
• To use digital innovation, particularly blockchain, to create a tamper-proof and verifiable budget record system.
• To ensure all stages of the national budget process are traceable, auditable, and accessible to the public in real time.

Key Provisions

• Creation of a National Budget Blockchain Transparency System managed by DICT, DBM, and COA.
• Recording of all budget stages: preparation, legislation, release, disbursement, and audit.
• Mandatory alignment of all participating agencies with DICT data standards.
• Integration with the Philippine Government Interoperability Framework.
• Annual reporting to Congress on system performance and audit results.
• System features:
  • Transparency
  • Immutability
  • Traceability of every peso
  • Strong cybersecurity
  • Public access
  • Multi-level validation

Implementing Agencies

• The DICT will be the lead developer and maintainer of the blockchain system.
• The DBM will integrate budget data and ensure agency compliance.
• COA will use blockchain data for real-time auditing.
• All national government agencies, GOCCs, and LGUs are required to provide data and cooperate.

Funding / Appropriations

• Initial funding sourced from available funds of DICT and DBM.
• Succeeding funding to be included in the annual General Appropriations Act.

Penalties / Compliance

• The bill does not specify explicit penalties.
• Compliance is enforced through required integration, agency cooperation, audit alignment, and mandatory reporting.

Significance

• Strengthens transparency in handling public funds.
• Creates an immutable, tamper-resistant audit trail for the entire national budget.
• Aims to rebuild public trust by enabling real-time verification of government spending.
• Aligns government digital infrastructure with global standards for data integrity and cybersecurity.
• Supports constitutional mandates on honesty, integrity, and accountability in public service.

BitPinas Article: Galing sa Puso (GP) Party-List Files 13th Blockchain Bill in Congress

HB 6898 | Rep. Leila M. De Lima (Mamamayang Liberal Party-List)

Full Title: An Act Mandating the Full Disclosure of Government Transactions Through the Establishment of a Digital Budget Portal to Enhance Transparency, Accountability, and Public Participation in the Philippine Budget Process

Also Known As: Citizen Access and Disclosure of Expenditures for National Accountability (CADENA) Act

Date Filed: December 16, 2025

Bill Status: Pending with the Committee on Appropriations since December 22, 2025

Objectives

• Mandate full disclosure of all government budget transactions.
• Establish a centralized Digital Budget Portal (CADENA) for real-time public access.
• Strengthen accountability by requiring agencies to record and publish comprehensive budget data.
• Encourage citizen participation in monitoring the budget process.
• Close institutional and political gaps that hinder transparency and oversight.

Key Provisions

• Creation of CADENA as the official portal for all public budget data.
• Mandatory disclosure of documents across all phases of the budget cycle:
  • Budget preparation (NEP, BESF, Budget Call, etc.)
  • Budget legislation (GAB versions, committee reports, bicameral reports, GAA, veto messages)
  • Budget execution and fund release (SAROs, NCAs, fund utilization reports, RAOD, vouchers)
  • Procurement and infrastructure documents (contracts, bid records, notices of award, progress billings, inspection reports)
  • Accountability documents (COA audit reports, agency financial statements, performance reviews).
• National Budget Transparency and Accountability Council (NBTAC) created to oversee implementation, set standards, and conduct audits.
• Disclosure deadlines: agencies must publish documents within 7 working days of issuance or completion.
• Interoperability with existing systems (IFMIS, BTMS, PhilGEPS, eGov PH Portal, etc.).
• Mirror sites maintained by civil society, academe, or media for redundancy and oversight.
• System features:
  • Data integrity and authenticity: digital signatures, timestamps, and metadata.
  • Transparency and accessibility: public dashboards, open APIs, structured formats.
  • Redundancy and oversight: independent mirror sites and third-party audits.
  • Traceability: structured audit trail across the entire budget cycle.
  • Programmability: automated validation tools to detect irregularities.
  • Security and resilience: encryption, redundancy, and disaster recovery protocols.
  • Interoperability: open-source, technology-neutral frameworks integrated with national digital platforms.
  • Auditability: verifiable logs accessible to COA and authorized civic groups.
  • Citizen feedback channels: real-time reporting of discrepancies.
  • Outcome-based metrics: dashboards linking disbursements to outputs and results.

Implementing Agencies

• DICT: primary data custodian, responsible for lawful access, integrity, and preservation.
• DBM: disclosure of budget preparation and execution documents.
• DOF/BTr: treasury-related disclosures.
• COA: audit reports, observations, and accountability documents.
• Congress (HOR and Senate): legislative documents and committee reports.
• NBTAC: oversight body composed of DICT, DBM, DOF, DOJ, COA, plus four citizen representatives (civil society, academe, media, and private sector).

Funding / Appropriations

• Funding details are not explicitly stated.

Penalties / Compliance

• Agencies must comply with disclosure requirements; failure to publish within mandated timelines constitutes non-compliance.
• Data privacy and national security exemptions apply only to specific fields, not to general expenditure or contract information.
• Unauthorized tampering or failure to disclose may trigger administrative and legal accountability under existing laws.

Significance

• Institutionalizes full disclosure of government budget transactions.
• Empowers citizens with real-time access to fiscal data.
• Strengthens oversight by COA, Congress, and civil society.
• Addresses corruption vulnerabilities by closing transparency gaps.
• Restores public trust through open, verifiable, and tamper-resistant systems.
• Aligns with constitutional mandates on accountability and transparency in public service.

BitPinas Article: Rep. De Lima Files House Bill Fully Adopting Senate’s CADENA Act of Sen. Bam Aquino 

HB 6909 | Rep. Bienvenido Abante, Jr. (Manila City 6th District)

Full Title: An Act Mandating the Establishment and Implementation of a National Budget Blockchain System to Enhance Transparency, Accountability, and Public Participation in the Philippine Budget Process

Also Known As: Philippine National Budget Blockchain Act

Date Filed: December 16, 2025

Bill Status: Pending with the Committee on Appropriations since December 22, 2025

Objectives

• Promote transparency and accountability in the management and disbursement of public funds.
• Institutionalize blockchain technology to record the entire national budget cycle.
• Enable citizen participation by providing real-time public access to budget data.
• Strengthen constitutional controls over appropriations and auditing.
• Prevent irregular or unauthorized transactions through immutable, verifiable records.

Key Provisions

• Creation of a National Budget Blockchain System managed by DICT, DBM, and COA.
• Recording of all budget stages (appropriation, allotment, obligation, disbursement, procurement, liquidation) as Digital Public Assets (DPAs).
• Smart contracts may automate fund releases upon verified milestones.
• Public-facing portal for real-time citizen and oversight access to budget data.
• Mandatory integration of all government financial systems with blockchain standards.
• System features:
  • Immutability: permanent, tamper-evident records of all transactions.
  • Decentralization: validator nodes distributed across agencies, academe, and accredited organizations.
  • Traceability: verifiable chain from GAA appropriations to final beneficiaries.
  • Security and resilience: cryptographic safeguards, redundancy, and disaster recovery protocols.
  • Interoperability: compliance with DICT’s e-governance and interoperability framework.dits.

Implementing Agencies

• DICT: lead agency, authorized to engage private sector and academic partners.
• DBM: ensures integration of budget processes and timely data provision.
• COA: aligns audit standards with blockchain recordkeeping.
• All government agencies, bureaus, commissions, and GOCCs are required to integrate financial systems into the blockchain.

Funding / Appropriations

• Initial funding: ₱500,000,000 from the National Treasury for research, development, infrastructure, and capacity building.
• Succeeding funding: included in the annual General Appropriations Act.

Penalties / Compliance

• The bill does not specify explicit penalties.
• Compliance is enforced through mandatory integration, audit alignment, and public reporting.

Significance

• Strengthens transparency and accountability in the national budget process.
• Empowers citizens with real-time oversight of government spending.
• Enhances COA’s auditing capabilities with immutable blockchain records.
• Aligns with e-governance laws and digital transformation initiatives.
• Builds public trust by ensuring every peso is traceable and verifiable.

BitPinas Article: Manila’s Benny Abante Files 15th Blockchain Bill in the 20th Congress

HB 7296 | Rep. Edgar Erice (Caloocan City 2nd District)

Full Title: An Act Institutionalizing the Use of Blockchain Technology and Artificial Intelligence in the National Budget Process to Ensure Transparency, Strengthen Fiscal Integrity, Enable Early Detection of Anomalies, Provide Public Access to Budget Data, and Imposing Penalties for Violations Thereof

Also Known As: Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence for National Budget Transparency and Accountability Act (BANTAY Act)

Date Filed: January 26, 2026

Bill Status: Pending with the Committee on Appropriations since January 28, 2026

Objectives

• To institutionalize blockchain and AI in the Philippine budget process.
• To strengthen fiscal integrity and deter corruption.
• To provide near real-time public access to budget and expenditure data.
• To empower citizens as active partners in safeguarding public funds.

Key Provisions

• Establishment of the National Budget Blockchain and AI System (NBBAS).
• Creation of the BANTAY Portal as the official government platform for recording and disclosing budget data.
• Mandatory disclosure of all budget-related documents within 7 days of issuance.
• Digital certification of records using blockchain cryptography.
• AI-enabled monitoring to flag anomalies such as ghost projects, duplication, and overpricing.
• Citizen reporting mechanisms with monetary rewards and legal protections.
• Strict penalties for non-disclosure, tampering, collusion, and falsification.

Implementing Agencies

• Department of Budget and Management (DBM)
• Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT)
• Commission on Audit (COA)
• Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)
• National Privacy Commission (NPC)

Funding / Appropriations

• To be included in the General Appropriations Act and other available government resources.

Penalties / Compliance

• Failure to Publish: ₱500,000 fine and/or suspension of at least 6 months.
• Tampering of Records: 6–20 years imprisonment and fine of at least ₱1,000,000.
• Overpricing/Falsification: Liability under RA 3019 (Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act).
• Private Entities: Blacklisting, contract termination, and criminal prosecution.

Significance

• Modernizes the Philippine budget system with secure, intelligent technologies.
• Restores public trust in fiscal governance.
• Aligns with global best practices in transparency and anti-corruption.
• Empowers citizens through structured, machine-readable budget data and reporting incentives.
• Ensures every peso of public money is traceable, verifiable, and used for the benefit of the Filipino people.

BitPinas Article:

HB 7881 | Rep. Paolo Duterte (Davao City 1st District) and Rep. Omar Vincent Duterte (Davao City 2nd District)

Full Title: An Act Establishing A National Budget Blockchain System To Enhance The Transparency, Accountability, And Public Participation In The Philippine Budget Process

Also Known As: Philippine National
Budget Blockchain Act Of 2026

Date Filed: February 18, 2026

Bill Status: Pending with the Committee on Appropriations since February 23, 2026

Objectives

• To overhaul public financial management by mandating blockchain in the national budget process.
• To eliminate ghost projects and unauthorized fund diversions through immutable records.
• To provide real-time visibility of fund flows to citizens and oversight bodies.
• To strengthen transparency, accountability, and public trust in government spending.

Key Provisions

• Establishment of a Blockchain-Based Budget System managed by DICT, DBM, and COA.
• Recording of all budget transactions as Digital Public Assets (DPAs) on blockchain.
• Use of smart contracts to automate fund releases upon verified milestones.
• Creation of a public-facing portal for real-time monitoring of budget allocations and disbursements.
• Mandatory compliance of all government financial systems with blockchain interoperability standards.
• Validator nodes to ensure decentralization and independent verification.

Implementing Agencies

• Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT): lead agency, authorized to engage private sector and academic partners.
• Department of Budget and Management (DBM): ensures integration of budget processes into blockchain.
• Commission on Audit (COA): aligns audit standards with blockchain recordkeeping.
• All government agencies, bureaus, commissions, and GOCCs: required to integrate financial systems into the blockchain-based budget system.

Funding / Appropriations

• ₱500,000,000 appropriated from available funds in the National Treasury for initial implementation.
• Covers research, development, infrastructure, system integration, and capacity building.
• Continued funding to be included in the annual General Appropriations Act.

Penalties / Compliance

• Compliance is mandated through interoperability requirements and audit integration.
• Non-compliance may result in administrative and procurement-related sanctions under existing laws.

Significance

• Positions the Philippines as a pioneer in blockchain-based fiscal governance.
• Ensures every peso allocated in the General Appropriations Act is traceable and immutable.
• Empowers citizens and oversight institutions with real-time access to budget data.
• Reduces corruption risks by eliminating opportunities for data tampering and unauthorized fund diversion.
• Aligns with international standards for transparency and public participation in budgeting.

BitPinas Article: Dutertes File House Bill 07881 to Launch Blockchain-Based Philippine National Budget Tracking System

HB 8133 | Rep. Florabel Yatco (NANAY Party-List)

Full Title: An Act Mandating the Establishment and Implementation of a National Budget Blockchain System to Enhance Transparency, Accountability, and Public Participation in the Philippine Budget Process

Also Known As: Philippine National Budget Blockchain Act

Date Filed: March 03, 2026

Bill Status: Pending with the Committee on Appropriations since March 03, 2026

Objectives

• To provide citizens with clear, transparent, and accessible information on government spending.
• To strengthen accountability and reduce opportunities for corruption in the budget process.
• To establish a tamper-proof, real-time system for tracking fund releases and expenditures.
• To empower citizens to actively monitor public resources.

Key Provisions

• Establishment of a Blockchain-Based Budget System managed by DICT, DBM, and COA.
• Recording of all budget transactions as Digital Public Assets (DPAs) on blockchain.
• Use of smart contracts to automate fund releases upon verified milestones.
• Creation of a public-facing portal for real-time monitoring of budget allocations and disbursements.
• Mandatory compliance of all government financial systems with blockchain interoperability standards.
• Validator nodes to ensure decentralization and independent verification.

Implementing Agencies

• DICT: Lead agency, authorized to engage private sector and academic partners.
• DBM: Ensures integration of budget processes into blockchain.
• COA: Aligns audit standards with blockchain recordkeeping.
• All government agencies, bureaus, commissions, and GOCCs: Required to integrate financial systems into the blockchain-based budget system.

Funding / Appropriations

• ₱500,000,000 appropriated from available funds in the National Treasury for initial implementation.
• Covers research, development, infrastructure, system integration, and capacity building.
• Continued funding to be included in the annual General Appropriations Act.

Penalties / Compliance

• Compliance is mandated through interoperability requirements and audit integration.
• Non-compliance may result in administrative and procurement-related sanctions under existing laws.

Significance

• Reinforces the principle that government must be honest, open, and responsive to the people.
• Ensures every peso allocated in the General Appropriations Act is traceable and immutable.
• Empowers citizens with real-time access to budget data.
• Strengthens public trust in government institutions by reducing inefficiencies and misuse of funds.
• Aligns with global best practices in fiscal transparency and accountability.

BitPinas Article:

Senate Bills

SB 433 | Senator Imee Marcos

Full Title: An Act Recognizing Digital Assets, Requiring the Registration of Digital Asset Enterprises, Their Operators, and for Other Purposes

Also Known As: Digital Assets Act

Date Filed: July 10, 2025 

Bill Status: Pending with the Committee on Banks, Financial Institutions and Currencies since August 13, 2025 

Objectives

• To recognize digital assets, including e-money and virtual assets, as part of the financial ecosystem.
• To establish clear licensing and regulatory processes for digital asset enterprises.
• To enhance financial inclusion by expanding access to digital financial services.
• To ensure consumer protection and safeguard the financial system from risks such as fraud, money laundering, and illicit activities.

Key Provisions

• Defines digital assets as e-money (fiat-backed) and virtual assets (currencies and tokens).
• Classifies businesses handling digital assets as virtual asset exchanges, brokers, and dealers.
• Designates BSP as the lead agency for e-money issuers and SEC as the lead agency for virtual assets.
• Requires all issuers, exchanges, brokers, and dealers to secure licenses before operating.
• Mandates disclosure of financial and operational information to protect investors.
• Virtual asset businesses and token portal providers are recognized as financial institutions under the AMLA.

Implementing Agencies

• The BSP will regulate and license e-money issuers.
• The SEC will regulate virtual asset issuance, offerings, and businesses.
• The Commission and the central bank will jointly issue implementing rules and regulations within 60 days of the law’s effectiveness.

Funding / Appropriations

• Funding will come from application, licensing, and supervision fees imposed by the BSP and SEC on regulated entities.

Penalties / Compliance

• Failure to comply with licensing requirements may result in imprisonment of up to two years or fines up to ₱500,000, with additional daily fines.
• False statements in offering documents may lead to imprisonment of up to five years and fines not less than ₱500,000.
• Non-compliance by virtual asset businesses may result in fines of up to ₱300,000, with daily penalties of up to ₱10,000.
• The SEC may suspend or revoke licenses for violations or unsafe practices.

Significance

• Provides a comprehensive legal framework for recognizing and regulating digital assets in the Philippines.
• Encourages innovation while establishing guardrails to protect investors and consumers.
• Supports the use of digital assets for remittances, e-commerce, and financial inclusion.
• Aligns Philippine regulation with global standards (FATF) to address risks of money laundering and fraud.

SB 1330 | Senator Paolo Benigno “Bam” Aquino IV

Full Title: An Act Mandating the Establishment and Implementation of a National Budget Blockchain System to Enhance Transparency, Accountability, and Public Participation in the Philippine Budget Process

Also Known As: Blockchain the Budget Bill

Date Filed: September 2, 2025 

Bill Status: Has been substituted as SBN 1506

Objectives

• To promote transparency, accountability, and good governance in public fund management.
• To leverage blockchain technology to provide an immutable, tamper-evident, and transparent record of all government financial transactions.
• To ensure allocations, disbursements, procurements, and expenditures are publicly accessible in real time to enhance trust and participation.

Key Provisions

• The DICT, DBM, and COA shall establish a blockchain-based system where all records of the national budget are recorded as Digital Public Assets (DPAs).
• Through smart contracts, fund releases are automated upon fulfillment of verifiable milestones.
• Real-time public access to budget allocations, disbursements, and expenditures.
• All government financial management systems must comply with blockchain interoperability standards.
• System Features:
  • Immutability: Permanent, tamper-proof records
  • Decentralization: Validation across independent institutions
  • Traceability: End-to-end tracking of funds
  • Security and Resilience: Strong cryptographic safeguards
  • Interoperability: Compatibility with existing and future government systems

Implementing Agencies

• The DICT will serve as the lead implementing agency, responsible for the design, deployment, and maintenance of the system in partnership with private sector and academic institutions. 
• The DBM will ensure the integration of the budget process and the timely provision of accurate data. 
• The COA will incorporate blockchain technology into its audit processes, while all government agencies and government-owned and controlled corporations (GOCCs) are mandated to integrate their financial management systems into the blockchain platform.

Funding / Appropriations

• ₱500 million appropriated from the National Treasury for initial implementation (research, infrastructure, integration, and capacity building). 
• Continuing funding to be included in the annual General Appropriations Act.

Penalties / Compliance

• No explicit penalties stated. Compliance is mandated by requiring all government agencies and GOCCs to integrate financial systems with the blockchain platform.

Significance

• Enhances transparency and accountability in public fund management.
• Empowers citizens and oversight bodies with real-time access to budget information.
• Strengthens audit processes through immutable, verifiable data.
• Positions the Philippines as a global innovator in public finance governance using blockchain technology.

BitPinas Article: Bam Aquino Pushes Blockchain For Government Records

SB 1463 | Senator Rafael “Raffy” Tulfo

Full Title: An Act Mandating the Establishment of National Budget Blockchain System to Ensure Transparency and Accountability in Government Spending

Also Known As: Philippine National Budget Blockchain Act

Date Filed:  October 27, 2025

Bill Status: Pending in the Committee since November 11, 2025

Objectives

• To promote transparency and accountability in the management and disbursement of public funds.
• To use digital innovation, particularly blockchain, to create a tamper-proof and verifiable budget record system.
• To ensure all stages of the national budget process are traceable, auditable, and accessible to the public in real time.

Key Provisions

• Creation of a National Budget Blockchain Transparency System managed by DICT, DBM, and COA.
• Recording of all budget stages: preparation, legislation, release, disbursement, and audit.
• Mandatory alignment of all participating agencies with DICT data standards.
• Integration with the Philippine Government Interoperability Framework (PGIF).
• Annual reporting to Congress on system performance and audit results.
• System features:
  • Transparency
  • Immutability
  • Traceability of every peso
  • Strong cybersecurity
  • Public access
  • Multi-level validation

Implementing Agencies

• The DICT will be the lead developer and maintainer of the blockchain system.
• The DBM will integrate budget data and ensure agency compliance.
• COA will use blockchain data for real-time auditing.
• All national government agencies, GOCCs, and LGUs are required to provide data and cooperate.

Funding / Appropriations

• Initial funding is sourced from available funds of DICT and DBM.
• Succeeding in getting funding to be included in the annual General Appropriations Act.

Penalties / Compliance

• The bill does not specify explicit penalties.
• Compliance is enforced through required integration, agency cooperation, audit alignment, and mandatory reporting.

Significance

• Strengthens transparency in handling public funds.
• Creates an immutable, tamper-resistant audit trail for the entire national budget.
• Aims to rebuild public trust by enabling real-time verification of government spending.
• Aligns government digital infrastructure with global standards for data integrity and cybersecurity.
• Supports constitutional mandates on honesty, integrity, and accountability in public service.

BitPinas Article: Sen. Raffy Tulfo Files Second Senate Bill for Blockchain Budget 

SB 1506 | Senator Paolo Benigno “Bam” Aquino IV

Full Title: An Act Mandating the Full Disclosure of Government Transactions Through the Establishment of a Digital Budget Portal to Enhance Transparency, Accountability, and Public Participation in the Philippine Budget Process

Also Known As: Citizen Access and Disclosure of Expenditures for National Accountability (CADENA) Act

Date Filed: November 12, 2025. As a substitution for Senate Bill No. 1330

Bill Status: Approved on third reading by the Senate (December 15, 2025 )

Objectives

• To institutionalize transparency and accountability in the national budget process.
• To establish a digital budget portal for real-time disclosure of government transactions.
• To enable citizen participation in monitoring appropriations, disbursements, procurements, and expenditures.
• To be a safeguard against graft and corruption through tamper-resistant, verifiable systems.

Key Provisions

• Creation of Cadena Portal, a publicly accessible, open-source, tamper-resistant platform for all budget data.
• All national government agencies must publish budget-related documents (e.g., NEP, GAA, procurement contracts, audit reports) within 7 working days of issuance.
• Information must be in structured digital formats (CSV, JSON, XML) for searchability and interoperability.
• Core Features:
  • Digital signatures & timestamps
  • Transparency dashboards & APIs
  • Mirror sites for redundancy
  • Audit trails across the budget cycle
  • Citizen feedback channels
  • Outcome-based performance dashboards
• Applies to all national government agencies, GOCCs, PPP projects, and foreign-assisted programs using public funds. LGUs are encouraged but not mandated.
  

Implementing Agencies

• The DICT will be the primary custodian of fiscal data.
• The DBM will be responsible for budget preparation and execution documents.
• The COA will have oversight and audit reports.
• National Budget Transparency and Accountability Council (NBTAC) is a new body created to oversee CADENA implementation, composed of DICT, DBM, COA, DOJ, DOF, and citizen representatives.

Funding / Appropriations

• Establishment of a Program Management Office (PMO) under DICT for CADENA implementation.
• Funding to be sourced from the annual General Appropriations Act (GAA), with allocations for system development, cybersecurity, and staffing.

Penalties / Compliance

• Agencies must comply with disclosure requirements; failure to do so may result in:
  • Notice of non-compliance from NBTAC.
  • Referral to Civil Service Commission or Office of the Ombudsman for administrative or legal action.
• Erring officials may face sanctions under existing laws on transparency, accountability, and anti-corruption.

Significance

• Strengthens fiscal transparency and combats corruption.
• Empowers citizens, civil society, and media to scrutinize government spending.
• Promotes open governance by linking budget disbursements to actual outcomes.
• Aligns the Philippines with global best practices in open data and digital governance.
• Encourages participatory democracy by giving the public direct access to government financial information.

BitPinas Article: Sen. Bam Aquino’s ‘Blockchain Bill’ Rebrands to ‘CADENA’: Targets 2026 Phase 1 Rollout

Other Articles: 

• Senate Passes CADENA, Previously ‘Blockchain the Budget’ Bill, on Third Reading
• Marcos Orders Congress to Prioritize CADENA Act, and Key Other Bills 
• CADENA Act to Enable AI Assistants Like ChatGPT in Government Budget Queries
• Bam Aquino’s CADENA Bill Receives Full Support of Senators
• Senate Urged to Pass CADENA Act for Transparent, Digital-First Government Spending
• Full List of CADENA Act Recommendations from Resource Speakers at Second Senate Hearing
• Senate Urged: Track Ayuda, Scholarships, and Typhoon Donations as part of the Cadena Bill
• Revised CADENA Bill Gains Support from Crypto Leaders, Transparency Advocates
• ‘We Forgot the Basics’: Bam Aquino’s CADENA Act Taps Tech to Fight Corruption       

Bitcoin Bills

House Bills

HB 421 | Rep. Miguel Luis Villafuerte (Camarines Sur 5th District)

Full Title: An Act Creating the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve and Appropriating Funds Therefore

Also Known As: Strategic Bitcoin Reserve Act

Date Filed: June 30, 2025

Bill Status: Pending with the Committee on Banks and Financial Intermediaries since July 29, 2025

Objectives

• To create a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve for the Philippines.
• To function as an asset holding, presumably to diversify the country’s reserves or strategic assets.
• To ensure that the holdings are geographically dispersed to reduce risk. 

Key Provisions

• Establishes a “Strategic Bitcoin Reserve” as an official instrument of government policy. 
• Facilities that store or otherwise manage the reserve must be located in varied geographic locations across the Philippines to mitigate risk.

Implementing Agencies

• The bill points to the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) to be responsible for purchasing, holding, safeguarding, and managing the Bitcoin Reserve. The Congress is noted to be in charge of legislative oversight, setting the framework, receiving reports, approving extensions or releases.

Funding / Appropriations

• The bill does not specify a fixed budget appropriation in fiat currency in the sources, but the BSP will need to allocate resources for acquiring Bitcoin each year (2,000 BTC/year for five years) and for secure storage, auditing, reporting.

Penalties / Compliance

• The bill constrains what the BSP may not do — e.g. no sales, swaps, disposal during the lock-up except under specified conditions; after lock-up, limited percentages. Violation of these constraints would likely be non-compliant with the law.

Significance

• If passed, the Philippines would become one of the earliest (and possibly first in Southeast Asia) countries to formally institute a sovereign Bitcoin reserve by law. 
• Could enhance the country’s financial resilience, especially against inflation, currency devaluation, or global financial instability.
• May influence future policy discourse in the Philippines (and regionally) on digital assets and how they can be integrated into national finance.

BitPinas Article: Bitcoin Strategic Reserve Bill Filed in Philippine Congress

This article is published on BitPinas: List of Blockchain and Bitcoin Bills Filed in the Philippines

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