AML Philippines | What is the Anti-Money Laundering Act?
Updated heavily on May 6, 2019:
December 1, 2017:ย With Cryptocurrency usage on the rise in the Philippines, the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP )mandates apps like Coins.ph and Bitbit to observe the country’s Anti-Money Laundering Law.
What is AML? (Anti-Money Laundering)
Money Laundering is a process of making “dirty money” (money from illegal transactions etc) appear clean monetary instruments (legal money). Usually, the culpritsย deposit the money to a bank using different accounts. Once the money is in the bank (technically within the country’s financial system), the money will then appear legal and clean.
AML in the Philippines was established to prevent money laundering. The country created an Anti-Money Laundering Council (AMLC) to ensure that the Anti-Money Laundering Act (AMLA) is being observed by those within the financial industry.
- If you’re into news, you might remember the RCBC Money Laundering Scam and how the Senate hearing dragged through local channels.
- Read More:ย Daily / Monthly / Annual Transaction & Cash In / Cash Out Limits of Crypto Exchanges and Wallets in the Philippines
AML Philippines & the Bitcoin Apps in the Country
Coins.ph, Bitbit.cash, and every bitcoin site in the Philippines implement KYC in accordance to AML. (Read: KYC in the Philippines)
“We are doing this because it might be a venue for money laundering and since it is electronic, it may be hacked so we are regulating the virtual currency exchange.” –ย Nestor A. Espenilla Jr, BSP Deputy Governor
Adherence to AML Law (and KYC Laws) is also the reason why blockchain and crypto wallet apps, particularly those whose business are mainly in the Philippines, require multiple stages of verification.
Let’s take Coins.ph as an example. In its first limit (Level 1), you can cash in up to Php 2,00 but cannot cash out. Level 2 users can cash in and out up to Php 50,000 monthly, but that requires at least 3 verifications – phone verification, identity verification, and selfie verification. A level 3 user can cash in up to 400,000 monthly with unlimited cash out, but you will need to verify your address.
Because of AML, Coins and other institutions supervised by the BSP must report to the AMLC any fund transfers that amount to Php 500,000 in a day. It must also report any transaction that appears suspicious. For example, if a customer is regularly depositing Php 100,000 a month and suddenly deposited Php 1 million today, that will be reported as suspicious (this is just an example).
What does this mean?
The AML is the reason why we have to submit documents such as Government ID, utility bills, credit card bills, etc in order to get verified in Coins.ph, etc. If you remember, sites like Coins and BuyBitcoin have verification levels. You can transact up to a certain Pesos only depending on the document and identification you submit. For example, at Coins.ph, you can only cash in up to Php 50,000. But a level 3 account allows you to transact up to Php 400,000. (Read: Coins.ph Limits and Verification Levels).
Brief Points about the AML Law
The Anti-Money Laundering act was enacted in 2001 and designed to ensure that the country will not be “used as a money laundering site for the proceeds of any unlawful activity”.
It covers institutions such as banks, financial institutions supervised or regulated by the BSP, insurance companies and those supervised by the Insurance Commission, securities and brokers and those supervised by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
The law also ensures that the country will cooperate with other countries, with the United Nations, and other international bodies for investigation of money laundering offenses, or even cases where laundered money is used for financing terrorism.
The “covered transaction” is usually a single or combination of transactions that will total in the amount of 4 million pesos (or equivalent amount in foreign currency).
What is the money laundering offense? This is when money that comes from an unlawful activity is transacted and subsequently make this appear as if it comes from legitimate sources. Who will be held liable is any person who has knowledge of such activity and failed to disclose it to the AMLC.
In 2016, the bank RCBC was involved in a complicated series of events that led to money being laundered from Bangladesh into the Philippines through one of its branches.
In 2017, the AMLC reported that around Php 10.2 billion worth of funds were laundered to the Philippines from 2015 – 2017.
In 2018, tighter rules were implemented to make sure the AML Law has more “fangs”. For example, according to AMLC Resolution no. 107, covered institutions must report suspicious transactions in 10 days upon discovery of the said transaction.
In another amendment, firms must submit KYC documents to accompany suspicious transaction reports. Among the information that must be submitted include signatures, photos, pictures of government IDs, etc.
In 2019, it is reported that the AMLC is seeking more powers beyond its current capability. Specifically, since the Department of Finance is pushing for the lifting of the bank secrecy law, the AMLC thinks it will make them better because if the restrictions are lifted, they will be able to scrutinize accounts better. As mentioned in this article, the AMLC only gets reports if the amount reaches a certain threshold. Initially, what’s expected is for the AMLC to be given the mandate to become the transition in uncovering financial crimes. In short, this initiative will help the AMLC and the country for a more efficient prosecution of money laundering acts.
As of April 2018, the AMLC has secured more than 90 convictions for money laundering offense.
AML Summary
- Money Laundering happens when dirty money enters a legitimate financial institution to make it look clean and legal.
- AMLA discourages money launderers to enter the Philippines.
- With AML and KYC included in Bitbit.cash and Coins.ph, this restricts the users from doing transactions unless verified.
Although it breaks the whole anonymity of using Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies, BSP just wants to make sure that the growing industry will not be an instrument in funding terrorism and other illegal transactions in the country. If you don’t plan on using digital currency to move illegal money into the Philippines, you don’t have anything to worry.